Full and final settlement

A Full & Final Settlement is the one document that closes out an employee who is leaving. It posts the final amounts owed to and recovered from the person, closes their record and recovered loans, and its net is paid through its own salary payment batch.

Overview

Each amount is a line. Payables are what the company still owes: the final salary to the last working day, leave encashment, gratuity, pending reimbursement. Deductions are what the person owes back: notice shortfall, an outstanding loan or advance, assets not returned, final tax. Employer lines carry the company's own statutory share (employer PF and ESI) on the final salary: they post an expense and a payable, and stay outside the net.

With the HR licence, the settlement is built for you. It starts from an approved Separation: the separation's Full and final button opens or makes the settlement and computes it, and a daily job does the same for every completed separation that has none. Compute then works out the lines from the leaver's records (see Step 3). Without the HR licence, you create the settlement and enter every line yourself.

The settlement moves Draft → In Progress → Approved → Posted → Paid. Post does these things in one save:

• writes one Payroll journal, dated on the last working day;
• raises a payable open item against the person for the net amount;
• closes every loan or advance on a computed loan recovery line;
• marks the settlement Posted;
• sets the employee's Settlement Status to Settled and Employment Status to Exited.

Generate payment batch on the posted settlement then puts the net on a salary payment batch. Paying that batch posts the bank payment, sets the settlement to Paid and stamps Paid on. The wages part is due within two working days of the last working day: the settlement shows Wages due by and a Deadline that ends at Paid on time or Paid late.

When to use it

• An employee resigns, retires or is released and you need one auditable record of the final dues.
• You want the leaver's final month paid with their dues, instead of by that month's payroll run.

To take someone off payroll with nothing to settle, set their Date Of Exit and set Employment Status to Exited on their employee record instead (see Employees).

How xMatix handles it

• Lines decide the direction. A line whose Component Type is exactly Deduction (any letter case) is a recovery. Employer is the company's own share: it is outside the net. Any other value, blank included, is a payable. The amount is always entered as a positive figure.
• Accounts come from the lines. A payable line debits its GL Account. A deduction line credits its PayableGL Account. An Employer line debits its GL Account and credits its PayableGL Account, and needs both. The net is credited to the company's Payroll Payable control account, looked up among the GL accounts of the settlement's Partner Account.
• Lines with no amount, or zero, are ignored.
• One post only. Once the settlement holds a journal in its GL field, Post refuses to run again.
• The employee is found through the Resource. Posting updates the employee record whose Resource matches the settlement's. If the person has no employee record, the settlement still posts but closes nobody.
• The final month is paid once. A payroll run pays a leaver up to their exit date in the period that holds it. When the settlement has a computed Final salary line for a last working day in that period, the run skips the leaver, so the month is paid by the settlement only. Compute, in turn, writes no final salary line when a payroll run has already paid that month. An Exited employee with no exit date is left out of every run.
• The net is paid by its own batch. Generate payment batch on a posted settlement creates a salary payment batch that is not tied to any payroll run and pays only the settlement's open item. A payroll run's batch never pays a settlement, and a settlement's batch never pays salary. See Step 6.

Prerequisites

• The person has an employee record linked to their Resource (see Employees).
• The employing company has a GL account whose control type is stored as PayrollPayable (see Configuration). This is the same account monthly payroll posts to.
• You know the expense account for every payable and the liability account for every recovery.
• With the HR licence: the person's Separation is approved (or completed) with an agreed last working day.
• Without the HR licence: decide whether the final month is paid by the payroll run or by a salary line on the settlement, never both. The run pays the leaver up to their exit date unless the settlement has a computed final salary line.
• Loans and advances are reviewed, so the recovery amounts are current (see Loans and advances).

Procedure

Step 1 — Open the settlement list

Open the Payroll app from the App Launcher and choose Run payroll → Exits → Full and final settlements. You can also type Full & Final in the App Launcher search. With the HR licence, the Wages due view lists every settlement against its wages deadline. The All Full & Final Settlement list shows Name, Partner Account, Branch, Resource, Last Working Day, Net Settlement, Created By, Created and Modified Date. Check here first that the person does not already have a settlement.

Step 2 — Start the settlement

With the HR licence, start from the approved Separation (HR → People → Exits → Separations): click Full and final in its header. It opens the settlement for the separation, or makes one, and computes it. A settlement typed by hand for the leaver earlier is adopted, with its lines kept. You don't need New.

Without the HR licence, click New. The form asks for:

• Resource — the person leaving.
• Partner Account — the company that employs them. Only partner accounts are offered.
• Branch — only branches of the chosen Partner Account are offered.
• In the Details group: Last Working Day.

The settlement number is assigned when you save (for example F&F-102026-000003), and Post calculates the net. Click Save. The record opens with Edit, Delete and Post in the header, Partner Account and Branch under the title, and two tabs: Lines and Details. The settlement is in Draft.

Step 3 — Compute or add the lines

With the HR licence, click Compute in the settlement's header. It works out the computed lines again any time while the settlement is Draft or In Progress, and keeps lines you added by hand. Compute is hidden once the settlement is Approved, Posted or Paid. Each computed line has Computed ticked, a Kind, and the inputs it was worked out from:

• Final salary — each earning of the pay period that holds the last working day, paid to that day the way the payroll run would (joining and exit dates, holidays, approved leave, attendance), with the period's approved adjustments. Its PF, ESI, PT and LWF are deduction lines, and the employer's PF and ESI are Employer lines. No final salary line is written when a payroll run already paid that month.
• Leave encashment — the leave ledger balance on the last working day of every leave type that encashes at separation.
• Gratuity — by the gratuity rule (HR → Settings → Exit → Gratuity rules).
• Notice shortfall — when the separation recovers the shortfall.
• Loans and advances — each disbursed loan's outstanding balance.
• Asset recovery — each clearance item recorded as a recovery.
• TDS — the year's tax with the settlement in it, less the TDS already deducted this financial year.

Compute also sets Wages due by (the last working day plus two working days of the leaver's calendar) and Gratuity due by, and tells you what is still missing, such as a component with no GL account. Statutory bonus, notice pay to the employee and pending expense claims are not computed: add them by hand.

To add a line by hand (and without the HR licence, for every line), open the Lines tab and click New. An inline card asks for three fields:

• Component Type — a free-text box. Type exactly Deduction for a recovery. For a payable, type a word such as Earning or Payable. A misspelt "Deduction" turns a recovery into a payment to the person.
• Amount — always positive.
• Description — the basis of the figure, for example "18 days earned leave at the daily rate".

Save the card. The line gets a number from the FFL series and appears in the All F&F Line list (Name, Component Type, Amount, Description, Created Date, Modified Date). Add one line per component, so the posted journal stays readable.

To correct a line's type, amount or description, use the row's Edit icon. Use the row's Delete icon to remove it.

Step 4 — Give every line its account

Computed lines take their accounts from the payroll components (leave encashment, gratuity, notice recovery, asset recovery and the TDS deduction component); a missing one falls back to Basic's GL account. Check them. A hand-added line has no accounts, because the New card does not ask for them, so set them on each line's own page. Click the line's Name to open it. The page shows Amount, Description, GL Account and PayableGL Account. Click into a field to edit it in place:

• Payable line — set GL Account to the expense account to debit, for example salary, leave encashment or gratuity expense.
• Deduction line — set PayableGL Account to the account to credit. Use the loan's control account for a loan recovery, or the salary TDS payable account for tax.

The account pickers show every GL account, so make sure you choose accounts of the settlement's company. The line page does not show Component Type; check it in the Lines list.

Step 5 — Approve and post

Review the lines: payables minus deductions is the net that will be paid. Set Status to In Progress while you review, then to Approved. A settlement with no line carrying an amount cannot be approved. Then click Post on the settlement header.

Post refuses, and changes nothing, if:

• the settlement is already posted;
• it has no Resource;
• it has no line with an amount;
• a payable line has no GL Account, a deduction line has no PayableGL Account, or an Employer line lacks either;
• the company has no Payroll Payable control account;
• the deductions exceed the payables.

When it succeeds:

• a Payroll journal is posted, dated on the Last Working Day: one debit per expense account, one credit per deduction account, a debit and credit for each Employer line, and a credit for the net to Payroll Payable;
• each loan or advance on a computed loan recovery line is recovered: its outstanding amount is reduced, its open item settled, a recovery row written, and the loan is Closed when nothing is left;
• for a net above zero, a payable open item for exactly the net is raised against the person;
• Status becomes Posted, and the Details tab shows the journal in GL, the open item in Payroll Payable Open Transaction and the computed Net Settlement;
• the employee becomes Settled and Exited. If their Date Of Exit is empty, it is filled from the Last Working Day;
• Generate payment batch appears in the settlement header (it stays hidden until Status is Posted).

All of this is saved together: if any part fails, nothing is posted.

Step 6 — Pay the net amount

The net sits on the Payroll Payable control account as an open item against the person. Pay it through a salary payment batch:

1. On the posted settlement, click Generate payment batch and confirm "Create a payment batch for this settlement's net amount? Pay the batch to post the bank payment."
2. xMatix creates a Draft salary payment batch named PPB-FNF-<settlement name>. Its Payroll Run is blank and its label reads "Full-and-final payment". It has one line for the person: the settlement's open net amount, with the bank account and IFSC from the person's Resource. The bank GL is the company's default bank GL account, or its only Bank control account when there is no default — the same derivation as a salary batch.
3. Open the batch in Payroll → Pay and comply → Pay employees → Salary payment batches, check the line and the bank details, and enter the UTR on the line once the transfer is made, as for salary.
4. Click Pay on the batch. xMatix posts a Payroll journal, debit Payroll Payable and credit the bank, settles the settlement's open item, sets the settlement's Status to Paid and stamps Paid on. When the settlement has a Wages due by date, its Deadline becomes Paid on time or Paid late. See Salary payment batches.

Generate payment batch refuses, and creates nothing, when:

• the settlement is not posted: "Settlement … is not posted — post it before generating its payment.";
• nothing is left open on it (the net was zero, or it is already paid): "Settlement … has no net amount left to pay.";
• it is already on a batch that has not been paid: "Settlement … is already on payment batch …, which is not paid yet. Pay or delete that batch first."

Step 7 — Check recovered loans

A computed Loan / advance recovery line closes its loan when the settlement posts: the loan's outstanding amount falls by the line's amount, its open item is settled, and the loan is Closed when nothing is left. Nothing more to do.

A recovery line you typed by hand is not linked to a loan. It clears the balance in the ledger only; the Loan / Advance record keeps its Outstanding Amount, open item and Active status. Once the employee has exited, later payroll runs don't include them, so the loan is not recovered again. See Loans and advances.

Fields

Settlement

F&F Line

Business rules

• Numbering. The settlement and each line are numbered on save by the F&F Document Setting and F&F Line Document Setting numbering settings.
• Direction. Only Component Type Deduction (case-insensitive) is a recovery, and Employer is outside the net. Everything else is a payable.
• Compute. Available with the HR licence, while the settlement is Draft or In Progress. It replaces the computed lines and keeps hand-added ones.
• Approval. A settlement with no line carrying an amount cannot be set to Approved, Posted or Paid.
• Net. The net is the payables minus the deductions, each amount rounded to two decimals. A negative net refuses the post. A net of exactly zero posts the journal but raises no open item.
• Journal. One journal of type Payroll, dated on the Last Working Day, for the settlement's Partner Account and Branch. Lines with the same account are added together.
• Posted once. A filled GL field blocks a second post. Nothing reverses a settlement.
• No edit lock. Edit and Delete stay available after posting, and lines can still be changed. None of that changes the posted journal, the open item or the employee record. Treat a posted settlement as read-only.
• Deleting a posted settlement leaves its journal, its open item and the employee's Exited status in place.
• Employee closure. Settlement Status becomes Settled and Employment Status becomes Exited. Date Of Exit is filled only when it is empty.
• Loans. Posting closes the loan on each computed loan recovery line. A hand-typed recovery line does not touch the Loan / Advance record (see Step 7).
• Final month. A payroll run skips a leaver whose final month is on a computed final salary line, and Compute writes no final salary line for a month a run already paid.
• Wages deadline. Wages due by is the last working day plus two working days. Paying the batch stamps Paid on, and the Deadline becomes Paid on time or Paid late.
• Payment. Generate payment batch works only on a posted settlement with an open net, and not while the person is on another unpaid full-and-final batch. Paying the batch settles the open item and sets the settlement to Paid; a paid batch cannot be paid again.

Example

A sales coordinator in the head-office branch resigns, with a last working day of 31 October. The company does not use the HR licence, so HR enters the lines by hand.

1. In Payroll → Run payroll → Exits → Full and final settlements, HR clicks New, picks the person's Resource, the company and the branch, sets Last Working Day to 31 October and saves. The record opens as F&F-102026-000004, Draft.
2. On Lines they add three lines:
   • Earning, 42,000, "Salary 1–31 October";
   • Earning, 18,500, "Leave encashment, 12 days";
   • Deduction, 9,000, "Balance of salary advance".
3. They open each line. The two earnings get GL Account Salaries and Wages and Leave Encashment Expense. The deduction gets PayableGL Account Employee Advances, the advance's control account.
4. They set Status to Approved and click Post. The journal dated 31 October debits 42,000 and 18,500 and credits 9,000 to Employee Advances and 51,500 to Payroll Payable. Net Settlement shows 51,500 and the employee shows Settled / Exited.
5. They click Generate payment batch. A Draft batch PPB-FNF-F&F-102026-000004 is created with one line of 51,500 and the person's bank details.
6. Finance makes the transfer, enters the UTR on the batch line and clicks Pay. The journal debits Payroll Payable and credits Bank for 51,500, and the settlement shows Paid. The deduction was typed by hand, so the salary advance record keeps its balance and stays Active (Step 7). With the HR licence, Compute would have written the advance as a loan recovery line, and posting would have closed it.

Training

Practice exercise

In a sandbox company with a Payroll Payable control account:

1. Create a settlement for a test employee, with last working day today.
2. Add a payable line of 10,000 with an expense GL Account, and a Deduction line of 12,000 with a PayableGL Account.
3. Click Post. Expected: it is refused because recoveries exceed payables, and nothing changes.
4. Change the deduction to 2,500, set Status to Approved and post again. Expected: Status is Posted, Net Settlement is 7,500, GL and Payroll Payable Open Transaction are filled, and the test employee shows Settled and Exited.
5. Click Post once more. Expected: "Settlement is already posted."
6. Click Generate payment batch. Expected: a Draft batch PPB-FNF-<settlement name> with one line of 7,500.
7. Click Generate payment batch again. Expected: it is refused because the settlement is already on an unpaid batch.
8. Pay the batch. Expected: the settlement's Status is Paid and its open item is settled.

Quick reference

• Path: Payroll → Run payroll → Exits → Full and final settlements. With the HR licence, start from the approved Separation's Full and final button.
• Compute builds the lines (HR licence); it is hidden once the settlement is Approved.
• Type Deduction exactly for recoveries; Employer is outside the net; anything else pays the person.
• Accounts go on each line's own page, not on the New card.
• Payable line → GL Account; deduction line → PayableGL Account.
• Last Working Day = journal date = Date Of Exit (if empty).
• Post works once; edits after posting change nothing in the ledger.
• Deductions may not exceed payables.
• Wages are due within two working days of the last working day.
• Pay the net with Generate payment batch on the posted settlement, then Pay on the PPB-FNF batch: it stamps Paid on.
• Computed loan lines close their loans; hand-typed ones don't touch the loan record.

Permissions

Without the Post or Generate Payment permission, the server refuses the action. Payroll data is sensitive, so an administrator should narrow these profiles. Remove access to Full & Final Settlement and F&F Line, and the Post permission, from every profile that should not handle exits, in Setup → Access Control → Security Profiles (see Security profiles).

Configuration

• Payroll Payable control account. Post finds it by an exact match on the stored control type PayrollPayable (no space) among the GL accounts of the settlement's Partner Account. The Control Type list on the GL account form offers Payroll Payable with a space, and posting does not recognise that spelling. The chart templates do not tag it either. Set the value through the Setup Copilot or a data import, as described in GL accounts. Keep one such account per company.
• Numbering. Setup → Feature Hub → Platform → Document Settings holds F&F Document Setting (series F&F, month and year, six digits) and F&F Line Document Setting (series FFL). Change the series there. Do not deactivate the line setting: the line card has no Name field, and Name is required. See Email templates and document numbering.
• Forms. To show Status, or Component Type on the line page, add the field to the layout in Setup → Design Studio (see Design a form layout).

Common problems

Post is refused: "Date of exit cannot be before the date of joining"

The message comes from the employee record. Posting fills an empty Date Of Exit from the Last Working Day, and an exit date before the employee's Date Of Joining is refused, so the whole post is rolled back. Correct the Last Working Day, or the employee's Date Of Joining if that is wrong, then post again. See Employees.

Post is refused: "No Payroll Payable control account … is configured"

The settlement's Partner Account has no GL account whose control type is stored as PayrollPayable. Often the account exists but was tagged Payroll Payable from the list, with a space. Fix the value as described under Configuration.

Post is refused: "Net settlement is negative; recoveries exceed payables"

The deduction lines add up to more than the payable lines. Common causes are a large loan balance against a short final month, or a payable line whose Component Type was typed Deduction by mistake. Reduce the recovery to what the payables cover and recover the rest separately, or add the missing payable.

Post is refused: "F&F payable line … has no expense GL account" (or "deduction line … has no payable GL account")

A line is missing its account. The message quotes the line's internal ID, not its name, so open each line from the Lines list and fill GL Account (payables) or PayableGL Account (deductions).

Post is refused: "Settlement has no lines to post"

There are no lines, or every line has no amount or zero. Add the lines with their amounts.

Post is refused: "Settlement must be anchored on a Resource"

Edit the settlement, pick the Resource and save.

A recovery was paid to the person instead

The line's Component Type was not exactly Deduction, so it was posted as a payable: it debited its GL Account and raised the net instead of lowering it. The settlement cannot be posted again. Ask finance to post a correcting journal, and record the reason on the settlement. Before posting, always check the Component Type column in the Lines list.

The employee still appears in this month's run

A leaver is paid up to their exit date in the period that holds it. The run skips them only when the settlement has a computed Final salary line for that month. Compute the settlement, then recalculate the run. Without the HR licence there is no computed line, so the run pays the final month: don't add a salary line for that month to the settlement as well.

Compute is missing

The settlement is Approved, Posted or Paid (Compute is hidden then), the tenant has no HR licence, or your profile lacks the Compute action.

"The full and final settlement starts once the separation is approved"

Full and final on a Separation needs it approved, or completed, with an agreed last working day. Finish the separation's approval first.

The employee did not change to Exited

The settlement's Resource has no employee record, or a different Resource was picked. Set Employment Status to Exited on the right employee record by hand.

Common questions

Does the settlement calculate leave encashment, gratuity or notice recovery?

With the HR licence, yes: Compute works out the final salary, leave encashment, gratuity, notice shortfall, loan and asset recoveries and TDS (see Step 3). Without it, no: you enter each amount as a line, worked out under your own policies. The settlement checks the lines, nets them, posts the journal, raises the open item and closes the employee. Put the basis of each figure in the line's Description so the journal can be explained later. A line with no amount is ignored, so you can keep placeholder lines while you collect figures, but delete them before posting to keep the record clear.

Can I pay the settlement through the salary payment batch?

Yes, through its own batch. Generate payment batch on the posted settlement creates a batch named PPB-FNF-<settlement name> that is not tied to any payroll run. A payroll run's Generate payment batch batch never includes a settlement, and the settlement's batch never pays salary. Paying the batch settles the open item and sets the settlement to Paid.

What if something comes up after posting?

The settlement cannot be posted again and has no reverse action. Editing its lines afterwards does not change the ledger. Handle a late amount the way finance handles any posted document: post a correcting journal, or a further payment, for the difference. Leave the original settlement as the record of what was decided at exit.

Where does TDS on the settlement go?

Enter it as a Deduction line whose PayableGL Account is the salary TDS payable account. Prepare TDS challan on a payroll run adds up only that run's posted details, so the settlement's TDS is not included in the drafted challan. Add it to the deposit yourself. See Statutory deductions and challans.

Can I settle someone who was never on payroll?

Yes. The settlement only needs a Resource, and it posts the same way. Nothing is closed afterwards, because posting updates only an employee record linked to that Resource.

Related topics

• Employees
• Loans and advances
• Running payroll
• Payroll configuration
• Open transactions and subledgers
• Journals
• GL accounts
• Full & Final Settlement — entity reference
• F&F Line — entity reference